What Is Antarctica?

ANTARCTICA

In the coldest continent on Earth, the temperature can drop to -80°C (-112°F) and human skin can freeze in seconds. Yet thanks to scientists who are specially equipped to brave this harsh habitat, research on some of the world’s most remote landscapes and wildlife is underway. Only discovered in 1820, Antarctica covers 14 million sq km (5.5 million sq miles) and, incredibly, 98 per cent of it is covered with ice.

  • RESEARCH

About 70 permanent and more than 100 temporary research stations have been set up in Antarctica. Scientists analyze Antarctica’s weather, climate, wildlife, and geology. Projects include monitoring ice samples to detect changes in the atmosphere, and tracking penguins.

  • TOURISM

Since the 1950s, cruise ships have brought tourists to Antarctica, and today about 50,000 people visit each year. They arrive either by ship or take sightseeing trips by plane over the South Pole, the southernmost point on the planet. Insulated clothing and goggles are essential at all times.

  • LANDSCAPE

Dramatic seas, steep glaciers, and giant icebergs up to 295 km (183miles) long are the main features of this unique landscape. The continent is separated into east and west Antarctica by the Transantarctic Mountains, which stretch for 3,500 km (2,175 miles).

  • CLIMATE

In winter, the Southern Ocean freezes, and the ice cap of Antarctica almost doubles in size. In summer, the temperature rarely rises above freezing. Less than 5 cm (2 in) of snow falls a year, making the area drier than the Sahara Desert. With gales blowing at more than 300 km/h (186 mph), it is the windiest continent, too.

  • WILDLIFE

Animals face a struggle for survival in Antarctica, but fish, seals, and whales can thrive in the sea. The Antarctic Peninsula has the mildest climate of the continent, making it a hub for wildlife. In summer, millions of seals and birds breed on the peninsula and nearby islands.

Picture Credit : Google

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