Lighthouses and lightships are used to warn sailors of hazards, at sea, but their effectiveness is reduced during dense fog. The beams will be less visible, and it is difficult to judge the actual position of the hazard. In fog, audible warnings —foghorns — are sounded, and most modern ships use sophisticated radar systems to detect hazards and other shipping in the area nearby.
When you’re boating in fog, your perception of the world around you changes dramatically. Basic instincts don’t work well, if at all.
Your normal sources of information about what’s around you become virtually useless, and it’s easy to grow confused and disoriented.
If you suspect fog may roll in, immediately turn on all relevant navigational instruments and note your compass course. When fog descends, immediately turn on all relevant navigational instruments. Radar and other hardware require warming up, perhaps for up to three minutes — an eternity if you can’t see and there’s danger nearby. Turn on your navigation lights; verify the horn is working; have your bell ready, if you carry one; get out spotlights (they may help or hinder, but have them at hand); and ready safety gear.
Note your compass course and bearings to geographical features and dangers. These include boats, reef, shoals, and aids to navigation (ATON). Do this with the actual compass, and also use the chartplotter, radar, and paper charts. Program your chartplotter with appropriate waypoints and/or routes, if you haven’t already done so. It may be appropriate to pick out a safe area and put in a “go to” route.
Everyone should wear life jackets outfitted with a strobe, whistle, and other appropriate safety equipment. You won’t be seen if you go in the water.
If you’re in restricted waters, stop if it’s prudent. If you’re in open water with no known hazards, it’s usually safe to proceed, slowing down to a speed suitable for the circumstances, which usually means moving just enough to maintain steerage and control. The faster you’re running, the quicker you must react to dangers that may present themselves with little advance warning. Begin sound signals as required by the U.S. Coast Guard Navigation Rules.
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