Tiny creatures are responsible for the color of the cliffs, which stretch for eight miles (13 km) along England’s coastline. The cliffs began to form 70 million years ago when a shallow sea covered the region. Microscopic algae called coccolithophores floated in this sea. When they died, their white calcium skeletons sunk to the bottom, forming a white mud that grew thicker over time. When the seas receded, the mud dried into the white, crumbly chalk we see on the cliffs today.
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