It’s a big ball of gas accounting for 99.8 percent of the total mass of the solar system. More than a million Earths would fit inside the sun! A process called nuclear fusion converts hydrogen to helium deep in the sun’s core, where temperatures hit a balmy 27 million degree Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius). Fusion creates energy that travels to the sun’s surface in a journey that can take 100,000 years.
The sun produces a wide range of light wavelengths called a spectrum. In addition to the familiar colors people see, the sun’s spectrum contains X-rays, ultraviolet and infrared light and radio waves. The Earth’s atmosphere fortunately blocks most of the harmful wavelengths; without this shielding effect, life would not be possible.
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