It is said that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization had surgical knowledge. Sushruta is considered as the ‘founding father of surgery’. The Egyptians and Chinese were also said to have practiced surgeries.
The Greek physician Galen is believed to have had great expertise in anatomy, surgery, pharmacology, and therapeutic methods. Later, in the 13th century, skilled European craftsmen called barber-surgeons, performed amputations and set broken bones.
Ambroise Pare was a reputed surgeon. The practice for cauterizing gunshot wounds on the battlefield had been to use boiling oil, an extremely dangerous and painful procedure. Pare began to employ a less irritating emollient, made of egg yolk, rose oil and turpentine.
Many helpful, precise devices were introduced later to be used in surgery.
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