The origin of social science and art of politics can be traced back to the times of Aristotle. In his opinion, politics was a prime subject which he used for finding an ideal set of rules for attitudes, values and firm beliefs of human society. In late 15th century a French philosopher Montaigne pointed out that ‘Liberty’ is the key concern of all human beings.
Later thinkers like John Stuart Mill and Karl Marx made significant contributions to the study of politics — although in a different ideological leanings. These beliefs or ideas ultimately led to the formation of political parties or groups. Now the question arises: what are the goals and functions of an ideal political party? According to social scientists political parties serve as dynamic agents within different political systems. They formulate policies of a government of their own party and set goals for the welfare of society which according to them would be best suited for their people. All political parties are supposed to bridge the gaps between rulers and the ruled. The mode of political systems however, differs from country to country.
For instance, USA and U.K. are dominated mainly by two major parties. On the contrary, countries like India, Bangladesh, and some Asian countries have their multi-party systems. Interestingly, there still exists a one party system in the remaining communist countries like China, Vietnam and Cuba.
Within and outside the political parties there exist interest groups. These groups are politically termed as “pressure groups”. They mainly keep vigil and examine the policies and programmes vowed by the political parties to the people. The ‘interest groups’ are termed as ‘pressure groups’ when they put pressure on the government or the parties to satisfy their interests.
But, how a pressure group functions to regulate political parties? Such group in fact performs usual functions in the democratic system by participating in decision making process and also keeps the government responsive to the public interests. The opposition parties to the government to play a significant role to this effect.
There are however some disadvantages in pressure group’s influence. Strong lobby of big industrial houses or farmers trade unions etc. may sometime create undue influence on ruling circles. The adoption of unhealthy and questionable means may corrupt and destroy greatly the political fabrics of a democratic system.
Genuine pressure groups however are the assets in a political set up that cares for the country and its people.