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A nation-wide anti-corruption movement was launched by activist Anna Hazare in 2011. Following this, the Lok Pal Bill was introduced in Parliament. The enactment of the law came about in 2013. In 2016, the government appointed the first Lokpal, Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose. The Lokpal is the anti-corruption ombudsman that probes complaints of graft against public servants defined under the Lokpal and Lokayukta Act of 2013. The institutions of Lokpal and Lokayukta were first proposed in 1966 by a Commission headed by Moraji Desai, former Prime Minister. A Bill was put forth eight times between 1968 and 2011, and it went through multiple changes. The Lokpal covers all categories of public servants, including the Prime Minister. Citizens can make complaints of corruption directly to the Lokpal against any government official and elected representatives.

 

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The Aadhaar card was issued to the first recipient in September 2010. Aadhaar is a 12-didgit unique identification number issued by the Unique Identification Authority of India, which was established by the UPA government in 2009, to residents of the country after due verification process. It serves as a proof of identity and address, anywhere in India. Any Indian citizen, irrespective of age and gender, can enroll for Aadhaar free of cost. With the Aadhaar, residents can avail themselves of various services provided by banking, mobile phone and cooking gas connections and other government and non-government services. The original intent of the programme is to plug leakages in subsidy schemes and to have better targeting of welfare benefits. As on Nov. 30, 2018, nearly 123 crore Aadhaar cards have been issued.

 

Picture Credit : Google