This is the process by which living organisms breakdown matter into its simpler constituents and thus recycle nutrients. All natural decay processes such as rotting of wood are examples of biodegradation. The life forms responsible for the process are called decomposers and they form a vast, complex community of soil organisms such as microbes and fungi. All such matter on which they can act is termed biodegradable to distinguish it from non-biodegradable matter or such matter which is not broken down by biological agents. While all organic matter is biodegradable, certain decomposers can attack even metal, glass and plastic. The widespread use of non-biodegradable material such as the various types of plastics is a cause for alarm because when discarded they do not decompose easily but remain in the environment as pollutants. Efforts are underway to develop biodegradable plastics which will be more environments friendly.
