A loudspeaker works like a reversed microphone. Electric current flows into a coil of wire, turning it into an electromagnet. This attracts the coil to another magnet inside the loudspeaker, causing the coil to vibrate. This vibrates a diaphragm at the same frequency as the original sound, pushing air in front of it to carry the sound to the ears of the listeners. Many loudspeakers can be connected together, so that sound is heard all around a large outdoor or indoor space.
A loudspeakers (loud-speaker or speaker) is an electroacoustic transducer which converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound.
A loudspeaker consists of paper or plastic moulded into a cone shape called ‘diaphragm.’ When an audio signal is applied to the loudspeaker’s voice coil suspended in a circular gap between the poles of a permanent magnet, the coil moves rapidly back and forth due to Faraday’s law of induction. This causes the diaphragm attached to the coil to move back and forth, pushing on the air to create sound waves.
Voice coil, usually made of copper wire, is glued to the back of the diaphragm. When a sound signal passes through the voice coil, a magnetic field is produced around the coil causing the diaphragm to vibrate. The larger the magnet and voice coil, the greater the power and efficiency of the loudspeaker.
The coil is oriented co-axially inside the gap; the outside of the gap being one pole and the centre post (called as the pole piece) being the other. The gap establishes a concentrated magnetic field between the two poles of the permanent magnet. The pole piece and backplate are often a single piece, called the pole plate.
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