The first farmers grew and cultivated crops in the Middle East around 12,000 years ago. Different varieties of wheat and barley were the main crops. They were grown, as they are today, to produce grain to make bread. Knowledge of farming spread from the region into Europe and Asia, while the native peoples of North and South America began farming around 7000BC.
“From what our current research reveals, the first indication for the earliest cultivation is 23,000 years ago on the shores of the Sea of Galilee in Israel,” Dr. Ehud Weiss, professor of palaeoethnobotany at Bar-Ilan University in Israel and the lead author of the study, told The Huffington Post in an email. “This is one of the most amazing finds a researcher can dream on. No one had previously imagined humans had started cultivating in such an early date.”
For the study, the researchers analyzed a 23,000-year-old hunter-gatherer campsite, which was discovered in 1989 at the archaeological site Ohalo II near the Sea of Galilee. They examined about 150,000 plant specimens at the site and noticed evidence not only of domestic-type wheat and barley, but also of weeds known to flourish in the fields of domesticated crops.
“The plant remains from the site were unusually well-preserved because of being charred and then covered by sediment and water which sealed them in low-oxygen conditions,” Weiss said in a written statement. “Due to this, it was possible to recover an extensive amount of information on the site and its inhabitants.”
The site also yielded flint tools that might have been used for harvesting cereal plants. Given the findings, the researchers concluded that the campsite is probably the earliest known example of small-scale farming.
“While full-scale agriculture did not develop until much later, our study shows that trial cultivation began far earlier than previously believed, and gives us reason to rethink our ancestors’ capabilities,” Dr. Marcelo Sternberg, an ecologist at Tel Aviv University and a co-author of the study, said in a separate statement. “Those early ancestors were cleverer and more skilled than we knew.”
Picture Credit : Google